Fire Opal circuit requirements

Fire Opal automates the optimization of quantum circuits allowing the user to achieve great performance gains without any configuration. The various circuit optimizations outlined in our technical manuscript require the circuit to follow the requirements listed below. Currently Fire Opal supports circuits represented as OpenQASM 2.0 and OpenQASM 3.0 strings. OpenQASM 3.0 is currently experimentally supported by hardware platforms. For an updated list of features supported in OpenQASM 3.0, refer to the specification.

OpenQASM 2.0/3.0 Requirements

Circuits submitted to any of Fire Opal's circuit execution functions must be written as valid OpenQASM 2.0/3.0 strings. In addition to the general OpenQASM spec, the following requirements must also be met:

1. Measurement Gates – The program must contain at least one measurement gate.

2. Quantum Registers – The program must contain exactly one quantum register. That is, it should not contain any register of ancilla qubits.

3. Classical Registers – If submitting to the execute function, multiple classical registers may be used, but the circuit must contain at least one classical register. For all other circuit execution functions, the circuit must contain exactly one classical register. Support for multiple classical registers in Fire Opal's other circuit execution functions is in development.

4. Register Names – The qubits and classical bits can not share the name of any quantum gates. For instance, qreg qubit[16] is allowed, while qreg x[16] will throw an error because "x" is the name of a quantum gate.

5. Maximum Qubits – The program must abide by device qubit limitations.

6. Virtual Qubits - The program should use only virtual qubits. Physical qubits are prohibited. Our transpiler will select the optimal layout for the circuit.

Supported gates

Fire Opal supports the following quantum gates:

• Hadamard (h)
• X (x)
• Y (y)
• Z (z)
• Identity (id)
• Phase (p)
• Rotation X (rx)
• Rotation Y (ry)
• Rotation Z (rz)
• Sqrt(X) (sx)
• Inverse Sqrt(X) (sxdg)
• S-Adjoint (sdg)
• T-adjoint (tdg)
• U1 (u1)
• U2 (u2)
• U3 (u3)
• U (u)
• Controlled-X (cx)
• Controlled-Y (cy)
• Controlled-Z (cz)
• SWAP (swap)
• Rotation-XX (rxx)
• Rotation-ZZ (rzz)
• Controlled-Hadamard (ch)
• Controlled-Phase (cp)
• Controlled-Ry (cry)
• Controlled-Rz (crz)
• Controlled-U (cu)
• Controlled-U1 (cu1)
• Toffoli (ccx)
• Fredkin (cswap)
• Barrier (barrier)
• Measure (measure)

with each parenthetical containing the respective OpenQASM name for the gate. You may also construct your own gates using any combination of these basic gates.