# tanh_ramp

The Boulder Opal Toolkits are currently in beta phase of development. Breaking changes may be introduced.

tanh_ramp(duration, end_value, start_value=None, ramp_duration=None, center_time=None)

Create a Signal object representing a hyperbolic tangent ramp.

Parameters
• duration (float) – The duration of the signal, $$T$$.

• end_value (float or complex) – The asymptotic value of the ramp towards $$t \to +\infty$$, $$a_+$$.

• start_value (float or complex, optional) – The asymptotic value of the ramp towards $$t \to -\infty$$, $$a_-$$. Defaults to minus end_value.

• ramp_duration (float, optional) – The characteristic time for the hyperbolic tangent ramp, $$t_\mathrm{ramp}$$. Defaults to $$T/6$$.

• center_time (float, optional) – The time at which the ramp has its greatest slope, $$t_0$$. Defaults to $$T/2$$.

Returns

The hyperbolic tangent ramp.

Return type

Signal

signals.linear_ramp()

Create a Signal object representing a linear ramp.

signals.tanh_ramp_pwc()

Graph operation to create a Pwc representing a hyperbolic tangent ramp.

signals.tanh_ramp_stf()

Graph operation to create a Stf representing a hyperbolic tangent ramp.

Notes

The hyperbolic tangent ramp is defined as

$\mathop{\mathrm{Tanh}}(t) = \frac{a_+ + a_-}{2} + \frac{a_+ - a_-}{2} \tanh\left( \frac{t - t_0}{t_\mathrm{ramp}} \right) ,$

where the function’s asymptotic values $$a_\pm$$ are defined by:

$a_\pm := \lim_{t\to\pm\infty} \mathop{\mathrm{Tanh}}(t) ,$

and $$t_0$$ is related to $$t_\mathrm{ramp}$$ by:

$\left.\frac{{\rm d}\mathop{\mathrm{Tanh}}(t)}{{\rm d}t}\right|_{t=t_0} = \frac{ (a_+ - a_-)}{2 t_\mathrm{ramp}} .$

Note that if $$t_0$$ is close to the edges of the ramp, for example $$t_0 \lesssim 2 t_\mathrm{ramp}$$, then the first and last values of the outputted array will differ from the expected asymptotic values.

With the default values of start_value ($$a_-$$), ramp_duration ($$t_\mathrm{ramp}$$), and center_time ($$t_0$$), the ramp expression simplifies to

$\mathop{\mathrm{Tanh}}(t) = A \tanh\left( \frac{t - T/2}{T/6} \right),$

where $$A = a_+$$ is the end value (the start value is then $$-A$$). This defines a symmetric ramp (around $$(T/2, 0)$$) between $$-0.995 A$$ (at $$t=0$$) and $$0.995 A$$ (at $$t=T$$).

Examples

Define a tanh ramp.

>>> signal = qctrl.signals.tanh_ramp(
...     duration=4, end_value=2, start_value=1, ramp_duration=0.4, center_time=2.
... )
>>> signal.export_with_time_step(time_step=0.4)
array([1.00012339, 1.00091105, 1.00669285, 1.04742587, 1.26894142,
1.73105858, 1.95257413, 1.99330715, 1.99908895, 1.99987661])