# real_fourier_stf_signal¶

Graph.real_fourier_stf_signal(duration, initial_coefficient_lower_bound=- 1, initial_coefficient_upper_bound=1, fixed_frequencies=None, optimizable_frequency_count=None, randomized_frequency_count=None)

Creates a real sampleable signal constructed from Fourier components.

Use this function to create a signal defined in terms of Fourier (sine/cosine) basis signals that can be optimized by varying their coefficients and, optionally, their frequencies.

Parameters
• duration (float) – The total duration $$\tau$$ of the signal.

• initial_coefficient_lower_bound (float, optional) – The lower bound $$c_\mathrm{min}$$ on the initial coefficient values. Defaults to -1.

• initial_coefficient_upper_bound (float, optional) – The upper bound $$c_\mathrm{max}$$ on the initial coefficient values. Defaults to 1.

• fixed_frequencies (list[float], optional) – The fixed non-zero frequencies $$\{f_m\}$$ to use for the Fourier basis. Must be non-empty if provided. Must be specified in the inverse units of duration (for example if duration is in seconds, these values must be given in Hertz).

• optimizable_frequency_count (int, optional) – The number of non-zero frequencies $$M$$ to use, if the frequencies can be optimized. Must be greater than zero if provided.

• randomized_frequency_count (int, optional) – The number of non-zero frequencies $$M$$ to use, if the frequencies are to be randomized but fixed. Must be greater than zero if provided.

Returns

The optimizable, real-valued, sampleable signal built from the appropriate Fourier components.

Return type

Stf(1D, real)

Warning

You must provide exactly one of fixed_frequencies, optimizable_variable, or randomized_frequency_count.

real_fourier_pwc_signal()

Corresponding operation for Pwc.

Notes

This function sets the basis signal frequencies $$\{f_m\}$$ depending on the chosen mode:

• For fixed frequencies, you provide the frequencies directly.

• For optimizable frequencies, you provide the number of frequencies $$M$$, and this function creates $$M$$ unbounded optimizable variables $$\{f_m\}$$, with initial values in the ranges $$\{[(m-1)/\tau, m/\tau]\}$$.

• For randomized frequencies, you provide the number of frequencies $$M$$, and this function creates $$M$$ randomized constants $$\{f_m\}$$ in the ranges $$\{[(m-1)/\tau, m/\tau]\}$$.

After this function creates the $$M$$ frequencies $$\{f_m\}$$, it produces the signal

$\alpha^\prime(t) = v_0 + \sum_{m=1}^M [ v_m \cos(2\pi t f_m) + w_m \sin(2\pi t f_m) ],$

where $$\{v_m,w_m\}$$ are (unbounded) optimizable variables, with initial values bounded by $$c_\mathrm{min}$$ and $$c_\mathrm{max}$$. This function produces the final signal $$\alpha(t)$$.

You can use the signals created by this function for chopped random basis (CRAB) optimization 1.

References

1

P. Doria, T. Calarco, and S. Montangero, Physical Review Letters 106, 190501 (2011).